Mahatma Gandhi was not really excluded from the constitutional exercise. He chose to stay away because he was interested in dissolving Congress before critical government activities were undertaken. Gandhi also did not attend the meeting where Nehru gave his first speech to the Constituent Assembly. Gandhi was a mass leader, not a politician. The drafting of the Constitution required patience, negotiating skills and flexibility to accommodate different opinions. Gandhi believed that he was not really cut out to be part of such an activity. The committee included other brilliant people from almost all walks of life, including some of those who opposed Congress, such as Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee. Nehru, Patel, Rajendra Prasad and Maulana Azad were very seriously involved in the constitutional process.
But Gandhi had clearly expressed his wish, which was duly granted by the team of experts. The Mahatma`s emphasis on villages, agriculture, self-sufficiency, etc. was given great importance in the constitution. So, at that time, Gandhi was busy traveling across India to try to put out the communal fires that were burning incessantly in most places. India became a democratic republic on that day in 1950 after gaining independence from the British in 19 47. Democracy is governing by the choice of the majority; The republic is more significant: ruled by ordinary people, not hereditary monarchs, feudal lords or any other privileged class. A nation-State is considered fully sovereign only if, regardless of its geographical boundaries and the people who live there, it has its own constitution, on the basis of which the laws of the country are promulgated and the rules of conduct of the public and, above all, of officials with regard to good and evil and the corresponding sanctions for violations are established. In essence, a constitution is the «will» of the state. It is a socio-political and legal document drafted by experts and discussed and voted on by a constituent assembly or similar body. Rau also helped draft Myanmar`s first constitution, or Burma as it was called at the time.
In December 1946, in New Delhi, he met U Aung San, the Prime Minister of Burma, who invited him to participate in the drafting of the Burmese constitution. Burma`s constitutional adviser was sent to New Delhi in April 1947, where they jointly collected research papers and prepared a first draft, which was sent back to Rangoon for amendment by a drafting committee. The Constitution was adopted on 24 September 1947. [18] Rau traveled to Yangon (present-day Yangon) to witness the adoption of the final draft constitution by the legislature. [19] It took nearly three years to draft the Indian Constitution, the original manuscript copies of which are kept in the Indian Parliament in special cases. The Constitution of India gives constitutional primacy as created by a constituent assembly and adopted by the Indian people with a declaration in the preamble. Parliament cannot suspend the Constitution. In fact, it is the longest constitution in the world.
In the resolution of the Constituent Assembly of 29. In August 1947, the Drafting Committee was established, chaired by B. R. Ambedkar, who stated that it would be established «to examine the draft Constitution prepared by the Constitutional Adviser, to implement decisions already taken in the Assembly and to consider all questions connected therewith, or to be dealt with in such a Constitution, and to submit to the Assembly the text of the draft Constitution in the draft Constitution in the revised version for consideration. The draft prepared by the Constitutional Adviser was presented in October 1947. With this draft, the proposals of the various other commissions created by the Constituent Assembly were taken into account. The first draft of the editorial board was published in February 1948. The Indian people have had eight months to discuss the project and propose changes. In light of public comment, criticism and suggestions, the editorial board prepared a second draft, which was published in October 1948. The final draft Constitution was presented by Dr. B. R.
Ambedkar on November 4, 1948 (first reading). The second reading was considered article by article and lasted more than a year. After three drafts and three readings, the Constitution was declared adopted on 26 November 1949. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, in his closing address to the Constituent Assembly on November 25, 1949, said: He played a crucial role in facilitating India`s development from colonial rule to an independent nation. Although he is not a member of the Constituent Assembly, he made crucial contributions during the drafting of this historic document. As part of his project, he travelled to the United States, Canada, Ireland and the United Kingdom, where he interviewed academics, judges and legislative authorities. In early 1948, he prepared the original draft of the Constitution, which was then discussed, revised and finally adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949. Who participated in the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India? It declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic and ensures that all citizens will receive justice, quality, freedom and efforts to promote brotherhood.
The original copy of the constitution is kept in a suitcase filled with helium in the Parliament building in New Delhi. The words «secular» and «socialist» were included in the preamble in 1976 during the state of emergency. B R Ambedkar rightly acknowledged B N Rau`s contribution in his closing speech to the Constituent Assembly: «The honor bestowed upon me does not really belong to me. It is partly owned by Sir B. N. Rau, Constitutional Adviser to the Constituent Assembly, who prepared a draft Constitution for consideration by the Drafting Committee. He played an important role in the drafting of the Indian Constitution. The Chief Architect of the Indian Constitution, Dr. B.
R. Ambedkar, who also chaired the Constitution Drafting Committee, said of Ayyar`s contribution: «There were men on the Drafting Committee who were greater, better and more competent than my friend Sir Alladi Krishnaswami Iyer.» Upon his return to India in 1935, Rau worked with the Indian Government Reform Bureau on the drafting of the Government of India Act 1935. At the end of this project, Sir Maurice Gwyer, the first Chief Justice of the Federal Court of India, suggested that he gain the five years of experience necessary to also serve as a judge of the Federal Court. He then served as a judge of the Supreme Court of Calcutta, but his tenure was interrupted by two other projects commissioned by the Indian government – first he headed an investigating tribunal on wages and working conditions in India`s railways, and then a commission working on reforms of Hindu law. He was also appointed chairman of the Indus Water Commission, which published a report on riparian rights in 1942.[7] [8] In his role in Kashmir affairs, he represented India at the United Nations Security Council and subsequently drafted Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, granting autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir.